[time-nuts] Exact Rubidium frequency

Brian Kirby kirbybq at bellsouth.net
Sat Jun 30 21:16:56 EDT 2007


> Frequency Standard Frequency Quotations - Apr 2007
> 
> 
> CESIUM
> 
> 9,192,631,830 hz +/- 10 hz.  1 Feb 1957.  Atomic Clocks.  Harold Lyons.  NBS.  Quotes   L. Essen and J. V. L. Parry NPS Cesium.
> 
> 9,192,631,840 hz.  1 Dec 1958.  IRE Transaction On Instrumentation.  The Ammonia Maser As An Atomic Frequency And Time Standard.  R. C. Mockler, J. Barnes, R. Beehler, H. Salazar, and L. Fey
> 
> 9,192,631,735 hz +/- 10 hz.  12 Apr 1959.  Hyperfine Transitions In Rubidium-87 Vapor.  E. C. Beaty,  P. L. Bender, and A. I. Chi.  NBS.
> 
> 9,192,631,770 hz +/- 20 hz.  1Sep 1960.  Atomic Beam Frequency Standards.  R. C. Mocker, R. E. Beehler, and C.S. Snider.  Quotes Reference 21,  by W. Markowitz, R. G. Hall, L. Essen, and J. V. L. Parry.  Frequency of Cesium In Terms Of Ephemeris Time.  Phys. Rev. Lett.  Vol 1 PP 105-107 Aug 1958.
> 9,192,631,770 hz.  1967.   Thirteenth General Conference on Weights and Measures defined the second of atomic time in the International System of Units (SI) as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom.
> 
> HYDROGEN
> 
> 1,420,405,730 hz +/- 50 hz.  1 Jan 1962.  Atomic Beam Frequency Standards.  Richard C. Mocker.  NBS.  Adv. Electr. Phys.
> 
> 1,420,405,751.80 hz +/- 0.03 hz.  1963.  Crampton, S. D. Kleppner, N. F. Ramsey.  Hyperfine Separation Of Ground State Hydrogen.  Letters 11, 338
> 
> 1,420,405,751.7860 hz +/- 0.0046 hz.  1 Feb 1966.  Beehler, Halford, Harrach, Allan, Glaze, Snider, Barnes, Vesot, Peter, Vanier, Cutler, and Bodily.  An Intercomparison Of Atomic Frequency Standards.  Proc IEEE.  Also quotes the following measurements:
> 1,420,405,751.825 hz +/- 0.02 hz.  1963.  Varian-Naval Obs
> 1,420,405,751.800 hz +/- 0.028 hz.  1963.  Harvard-Naval Obs
> 1,420,405,751.778 hz +/- 0.016 hz.  1964.  Varian-HP
> 1,420,405,751.785 hz +/- 0.016 hz.  1964.  Varian-L SRH
> 1,420,405,751.781 hz +/- 0.016 hz.  1963.  NASA-GSFC
> 1,420,405,751.7860 hz +/- 0.0046 hz.  1965.  Varian-HP
> 
> 1,420,405,751.768 hz +/- 0.002 hz.  1970.  Measurement Of The Unperturbed Hydrogen Hyperfine Transition Frequency.  Hellwig, Allan, Glaze, Vessot, Levine, Zitewitz, Peters.  IEEE CPEM Conf.  Also quotes the following measurements:
> 1,420,405,751.7691 hz +/- 0.0024 hz.
> 1,420,405,751.7667 hz +/- 0.0018 hz.
> 
> 
> 1,420,405,751.7864 hz +/- 0.0017 hz.  Dec 1966.  An Intercomparison Of Hydrogen And Cesium Frequency Standards.  R. Vessot, H. Peters,  J. Vanier, R. Beehler, D. Halford, R. Harrach, D. Allan, D. Glaze, C. Snider, J. Barnes, L. Cutler, and L. Bodily.  IEEE Transaction On Instrumentation And Measurements.  Vol IM 15 #4 
> 
> 1,420,405,751.768 hz +/- 0.002 hz.  1970.  Measurement Of The Unperturbed Hydrogen Hyperfine Transition Frequency.  Hellwig, Allan, Glaze, Vessot, Levine, Zitewitz, Peters.  IEEE CPEM Conf.  Also quotes the following measurements:
> 1,420,405,751.7691 hz +/- 0.0024 hz.
> 1,420,405,751.7667 hz +/- 0.0018 hz.
> 
> 1,420,405,751.77 hz.  31 May 1978.  A Small Passively Operated Hydrogen Maser.  NBS.  D. A. Howe, F. L. Walls, Howard E. Bell, and Helmut Hellwig.  Proc 1978 Freq Contr Symp.
> 
> 
> RUBIDIUM
> 
> 6,834,682,608 hz +/- 7 hz.  12 Apr 1959.  Hyperfine Transitions In Rubidium-87 Vapor.  E. C. Beaty,  P. L. Bender, and A. I. Chi.  NBS.
> 
> 6,834,682,614 hz  +/- 3 hz.  9 Sep 1963.  R. C. Mockler.   Atomic Frequency And Time Interval Standards.  Proc XIV Gen Assem  URSI.  Quoting Penselin, Moran, and Cohen 1961.
> 
> 6,834,683,405 hz.  6 Apr 1964.  R. J. Carpenter.  A Portable Rubidium-Vapor Frequency Standard.  NBS Tech Note 235.
> 
> 6,834,682,608 hz +/- 7 hz.  29 June 1965.  P. L. Bender.  Patent 3,192,472  Alkali Vapor Frequency Standard Using Optical Pumping.
> 
> 
> 


Peter Vince wrote:
> Everyone on the 'net agrees on the frequency of the Caesium 
> oscillation, but the precise frequency quoted for Rubidium varies by 
> a few Hz :-(  Now I realise that you can make it anything you like 
> (within reason) by altering the magnetic field, and perhaps different 
> sources quote different figures which are more or less easy to 
> synthesise?
> 
> On the (USA) NIST web-page 
> (http://tf.nist.gov/general/enc-re.htm#rubidiumoscillator) they quote 
> 6,834,682,608 Hz, but the (German) PTB (on 
> http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/44/441/info2_e.htm) give 6,384,682,612.8 
> Hz, and the (British) NPL quotes 6,834,682,610.904 324 Hz in a 
> powerpoint presentation 
> http://www.npl.co.uk/time/club/meeting1/secondaryrepsec.pdf 
> (admittedly for a Rubidium fountain).
> 
> I have also seen the frequency of a Hydrogen Maser given as both 
> 1,420,405,751 Hz and ...752 Hz.  I would be very surprised if the 
> frequency was an exact whole number of Hertz different from Caesium, 
> so perhaps this is just rounded for convenience as again it can be 
> steered to anywhere you like?
> 
> Would anyone care to comment on this differences please?
> 
> 	Thank you,
> 
> 		Peter Vince  (G8ZZR, London)
> 
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