[time-nuts] GPS Spoofing

Sun Jul 28 11:50:58 EDT 2013

I think the GPS backups are called,

   - GLONASS <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLONASS>
   - Galileo<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_%28satellite_navigation%29>
   - IRNSS<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigational_Satellite_System>
   - Compass <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_navigation_system>

They should all be up and running, especially the first two in 5 to 7 years.

But ALL radio navigation systems can be spoofed.   The ones you can't spoof
are

On Sun, Jul 28, 2013 at 2:03 AM, Stewart at g3ysx.org.uk
<stewart at g3ysx.org.uk>wrote:

> LF is much easier to accurately DF than VHF and above due to multipath
> effects.
>
> Stewart
>
> Sent from my iPad
>
> On 27 Jul 2013, at 21:44, Bob Camp <lists at rtty.us> wrote:
>
> > Hi
> >
> > A Loran jammer would / could work with a *much* smaller antenna if a
> local area was the target. Power is easy at 100 KHz. Loran is no easier /
> harder to DF than GPS.
> >
> > Bob
> >
> > On Jul 27, 2013, at 3:37 PM, Scott McGrath <scmcgrath at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> >> LORAN was/is not perfect geographic features could and did limit
> reception   However an effective jammer would need effective power in the
> hundred watt range and a efficient antenna system plus a connection to
> power grid or small Genset.
> >>
> >> Not amenable to easy concealment and fairly easy to DF using standard
> techniques especially since location of real station well known and fixed
> >>
> >> An effective GPS jammer which can take out a few square miles is the
> size of a trade paperback and runs on batteries and costs under 50 bucks to
> build
> >>
> >> Imagine a scenario where a few hundred of these are deployed with
> hostile intent.
> >>
> >> Military and Civillian systems are now useless due to nature of signal
> they are hard to DF
> >>
> >> Sent from my iPhone
> >>
> >> On Jul 27, 2013, at 2:09 PM, Bob Camp <lists at rtty.us> wrote:
> >>
> >>> Hi
> >>>
> >>> Loran can / could easily be jammed over a limited area, just like GPS.
> Nothing crazy large or expensive would be required. The same sort of
> "malfunctioning this or that" took out Loran from time to time over harbor
> sized areas. Loran had so many issues with dropping out, that they simply
> were not worth talking about ….
> >>>
> >>> Bob
> >>>
> >>> On Jul 27, 2013, at 1:35 PM, Scott McGrath <scmcgrath at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> Key
> >>>>
> >>>> Problem with GPS is its easy to spoof on one level and have a
> complete denial of service on the other.   Out in California a while back a
> malfunctioning TV distribution amplifier jammed a major harbor and
> surrounding almost 25 sq miles affected all because of a 49.95 TV amp had a
> problem.  The military receivers had the same problem
> >>>>
> >>>> LORAN is virtually jam proof unless you have a very powerful
> transmitter
> >>>>
> >>>> Sent from my iPhone
> >>>>
> >>>> On Jul 27, 2013, at 11:17 AM, Michael Perrett <mkperrett at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>>> I have seen a lot of differing opinions on GPS Spoofing and using
> back up
> >>>>> systems on this thread. Most pretty good, but a couple off the mark
> a bit.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Here are a couple of comments on GPS Spoofing.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> - There are anti-spoofing GPS receivers available - to "authorized"
> >>>>> users. Typically DOD. Most, if not all, military receivers utilize
> the
> >>>>> encrypted "P-Code", while civilians must use the more vulnerable
> clear text
> >>>>> "C/A code". The P-Code signals are very difficult to spoof unless
> you have
> >>>>> a-pirori knowledge. The newer satellites (GPS III) will have an even
> more
> >>>>> robust AS methodology.
> >>>>>  - Note: beware of P-Code, or Military, receivers available on eBay.
> >>>>>  They are useless without the encryption keys distributed by the US
> >>>>>  Government.
> >>>>>  - In the (near?) future there will be four civilian GPS Signals:
> "The
> >>>>> government is in the process of fielding three new signals designed
> for
> >>>>> civilian use: L2C, L5, and L1C. The legacy civil signal, called L1
> C/A or
> >>>>> C/A at L1, will continue broadcasting in the future, for a total of
> four
> >>>>> civil GPS signals. Users must upgrade their equipment to benefit
> from the
> >>>>> new signals". ref
> >>>>> http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/civilsignals/
> >>>>> - Receivers utilizing the new civilian GPS frequencies can solve the
> GPS
> >>>>> equations from more than one frequency and see if any one signal is
> being
> >>>>> spoofed. The new civilian frequencies will be more spoof resistant.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Comments on using inertial measurement units (IMUs) to back up GPS.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> - Current IMUs with even a "good" drift rate of say, 1 degree per
> hour,
> >>>>> available for around a few thousand dollars, will be off 60 nautical
> miles
> >>>>> after an hour of uncorrected operation. That can be reduced by other
> sensor
> >>>>> inputs (GPS, LORAN, pit-log or what ever you have), but the
> navigation
> >>>>> solution will eventually degrade to the accuracy of the external
> sensor. If
> >>>>> my memory serves me for a really deep pocket navigator (having tens
> to
> >>>>> hundreds of thousands of dollars, and a large amount of available
> mounting
> >>>>> space) IMUs with drift rates of up to a thousand times less can be
> >>>>> purchased (that's ,001 miles per hour, or around a couple of meters
> per
> >>>>> hour), think submarines, etc.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Using a dual sensor navigation system (or timing system! ), such as
> >>>>> GPS/eLORAN, would obviously make the system so much more robust.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Michael / K7HIL
> >>>>>
> >>>>> On Sat, Jul 27, 2013 at 6:43 AM, Scott McGrath <scmcgrath at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>> Key here is how does the captain know that GPS is no longer
> providing an
> >>>>>> accurate fix?   You need 2 or more independent systems to cross
> check each
> >>>>>> other.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Sent from my iPhone
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> On Jul 27, 2013, at 12:21 AM, Jim Lux <jimlux at earthlink.net> wrote:
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>> On 7/26/13 8:45 PM, J. Forster wrote:
> >>>>>>>> I gather from the article, the GPS position was spoofed and the
> >>>>>> autopilot,
> >>>>>>>> in bringing it back to where it was supposed to be, actually took
> it off
> >>>>>>>> course.
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> There are places where a few hundred feet makes a big difference,
> viz.
> >>>>>> the
> >>>>>>>> Costa Concordia.
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> IMO, this is a very convincing reason for something like LORAN.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I think it's a convincing argument for a captain who pays
> attention to
> >>>>>> the other navigation instruments and doesn't blindly follow the GPS.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> It's also a convincing argument that shipboard
> >>>>>> automation/autopilot/autocontrol vendors need to make more
> sophisticated
> >>>>>> software (which I suspect they do, particularly on 200+ foot
> ships.. I
> >>>>>> would imagine that there are some aspects of this demo that are
> contrived.)
> >>>>>> The ship making and driving business is pretty unregulated. It's
> all about
> >>>>>> what the owner of the ship is willing to pay (or what he needs to
> get
> >>>>>> liability insurance, if he wants).  There's nothing even remotely
> like
> >>>>>> DO-178 for shipboard stuff.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> The folks doing stabilized oil rigs probably have sophisticated
> systems,
> >>>>>> but they're also using IMUs and other stuff. Ditto for high value
> things
> >>>>>> (oil tankers, warships).  Molasses tankers? They're probably lucky
> to have
> >>>>>> a functioning compass and some old charts.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I'm not sure, though, that looking at the big picture, whether
> your tax
> >>>>>> dollars are better spent on LORAN, or on some other precision
> navigation
> >>>>>> method or on making jam resistant GPS receivers (which do, in fact
> exist,
> >>>>>> and make use of things like direction of arrival of the signal..)
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Note that a GPS system with 3 antennas (as is common in systems
> that use
> >>>>>> GPS to derive attitude/orientation) would be extremely difficult to
> spoof,
> >>>>>> and would be VERY inexpensive to implement.  Either the carrier
> phases and
> >>>>>> code phases are consistent for all the received signals or they're
> not.  A
> >>>>>> jamming signal coming from the wrong direction will not have the
> right
> >>>>>> direction of arrival relative to the platform orientation.  One
> wrong
> >>>>>> signal might be tolerable (multipath, etc.) but with a multi
> satellite fix,
> >>>>>> I suspect it would be hard to do it.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Sure, one could throw up N pseudolites on a bunch of UAVs, etc.,
> but
> >>>>>> that's getting to be a bit noticeable.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> For what it's worth, I don't know that LORAN has the performance to
> >>>>>> avoid a Costa Concordia type foul up (assuming they were crazy
> enough to do
> >>>>>> the near pass in the fog, so visual navigation didn't work)
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I seem to recall that LORAN had 1/4 nmi kinds of accuracy.  it
> would get
> >>>>>> you to the channel or mouth of the harbor, but not get you into
> your berth.
> >>>>>> You might be familiar with the local propagation anomalies and get
> better
> >>>>>> accuracy with experience in your local waters.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> -John
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> =================
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> I boat?  The backup is a competent captain.  He'd see the compass
> >>>>>> heading
> >>>>>>>>> move and quickly disengage the autopilot.   I had a boat for
> years  I'd
> >>>>>>>>> notice a 5 degree change.  Mine was a sailboat so I'd be more
> >>>>>> sensitive to
> >>>>>>>>> heading changes than a power boater but still the human is the
> backup.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Most autopilots don't directly follow GPS, they use GPS to
> determine a
> >>>>>>>>> heading, follow it then use GPS to detect drift and re-compute
> the
> >>>>>>>>> heading.
> >>>>>>>>> the heading would be held by a compass sensor in a low-cost
> setup or
> >>>>>> in a
> >>>>>>>>> larger setup a lazer ring gyro backed up by a compass.     So a
> spoofed
> >>>>>>>>> GPS
> >>>>>>>>> would cause the autopilot to "think" there was a bigger crooswnd
> or
> >>>>>>>>> current
> >>>>>>>>> and make a bigger heading change.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> I bet you could hijack a drone not a manned vehicle the pilot is
> >>>>>> trained
> >>>>>>>>> to
> >>>>>>>>> monitor the automation and he'd very quickly turn it off
> thinking it
> >>>>>> was
> >>>>>>>>> broken.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> On Fri, Jul 26, 2013 at 8:41 AM, J. Forster <jfor at quikus.com>
> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> Prof. Humphry from Texas just reported being able to spoof GPS
> in the
> >>>>>>>>>> Med
> >>>>>>>>>> and take over the nav system of a luxury yacht. He's done this
> before
> >>>>>>>>>> with
> >>>>>>>>>> a drone in the US.
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> LORAN as a backup, at least?
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> -John
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> ==============
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
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> >>>>>>>>>> and follow the instructions there.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> --
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Chris Albertson
> >>>>>>>>> Redondo Beach, California
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
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-- 

Chris Albertson
Redondo Beach, California