[time-nuts] Phase noise from Allan Deviation ?
Magnus Danielson
magnus at rubidium.dyndns.org
Mon Dec 14 20:19:33 EST 2015
Rick,
On 12/14/2015 07:04 AM, Richard (Rick) Karlquist wrote:
> On 12/13/2015 7:15 PM, Tom McDermott wrote:
>
>> It brings up a question: Is it possible to estimate the phase noise
>> of that
>> internal crystal from the ADEV measurements? There are a bunch of
>> papers that go the other way: from Phase Noise to Adev. Searching
>> brings up only one paper that goes from ADEV to Phase Noise but it's text
>> does not seem to be readily available. It apparently models the
>> oscillator
>> as a couple of well known error models.
>>
>> -- Tom, N5EG]
>
> In general, you cannot determine phase noise from ADEV,
> even though you can determine ADEV from phase noise.
> This is just a mathematical reality.
>
> Mike Fischer (of HP) presented papers at the 1977 and
> 1978 that show conversions between PN and ADEV for
> individual noise processes, where each process has a
> specific slope of amplitude vs frequency. The only
> time you can go from ADEV to PN is if you can isolate
> a process.
1976 PTTI paper by Fischer:
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/1976papers/Vol%2008_38.pdf
1977 PTTI paper by Chi (Fischer being adviser):
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/1977papers/Vol%2009_34.pdf
1978 PTTI paper by Fischer:
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/1978papers/Vol%2010_14.pdf
Things have happen since those papers, in many ways.
> In the specific case of crystal oscillators, in general,
> they follow a flicker noise of frequency process model
> close to the carrier (within 100 Hz). You can often
> assume that ADEV is dominated by this process and therefore
> translate it to an equivalent PN. The way to tell if
> ADEV is dominated by this process is that it will be
> independent of tau, for tau of 0.1 sec or less.
>
> On the IEEE UFFC site, there is a tutorial on crystal oscillator
> design by Mike Driscoll (you don't have to be a member to
> access it). I believe this covers this topic. You go
> from ADEV to "frequency noise" and then to phase noise
http://www.ieee-uffc.org/frequency-control/learning/2003_IEEE_Tutorial.PDF
Other tutorials is at:
http://www.ieee-uffc.org/frequency-control/tutorials.asp
In particular, check out Francois Vernottes presentation:
http://www.ieee-uffc.org/frequency-control/learning/pdf/Vernotte-Varience_Measurements.pdf
He covers a lot of ground there, and in the end he also covers
curve-fitting to estimate noise levels.
> You can "practice" this calculation on any crystal oscillator
> that has published ADEV and phase noise. It is of course
> extremely easy to screw it up :-) What I have found
> is that most crystal oscillators seem to obey the flicker
> model.
>
> I have been able to measure flicker noise on crystals that
> were not installed in an oscillator, and then install them
> in an oscillator and the ADEV turned out to be what
> was predictable from the phase noise. It really works!
Indeed. However, one has to be careful with ones methods, or one will
not estimate the noise-levels properly. Regardless if you use the
frequency method or time method, doing meterologically sound and
traceable measurements remains a difficult task indeed.
Cheers,
Magnus
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